An introduction should provide readers with the necessary information to fully understand the background, significance, and objectives of a study. A well-written introduction should include the following key elements:

1. Present the Overall Scientific Background (General Context)

The introduction should begin with a broad scientific context that is accessible to all readers. It should introduce the importance of the research field, current trends, and how the study relates to the broader scientific landscape.

2. Explain Key Elements of the Study (Specific Context)

After establishing the general background, the introduction should narrow its focus by explaining essential concepts, technologies, mathematical models, or biological pathways relevant to the research. These explanations should be clear enough for non-experts to understand while avoiding excessive technical details that might distract from the main topic.

3. Identify the Knowledge Gap

A strong introduction should highlight gaps or inconsistencies in the current body of knowledge and justify the need for further research. By citing previous studies, it should objectively present the current state of the field and identify unresolved issues, laying the groundwork for the research objectives.

4. Summarize the Key Findings and Provide a Preview

Toward the end of the introduction, a brief summary of the study’s key findings should be provided, explaining how they address the identified knowledge gap or contribute to advancing the field. This section should not include specific experimental results but should focus on the overall contribution and significance of the research, setting the stage for the subsequent sections.

Writing Tips

1. Target a Non-Specialist Audience

While experts in the field may skip the introduction, it is crucial for non-specialist readers, including journal editors. Therefore, the general context should be emphasized to help readers quickly grasp the significance of the research. Citing relevant literature, the introduction should summarize major advancements, controversies, and theoretical frameworks in the field while appropriately acknowledging previous contributions.

2. Provide Only Essential Technical Details

After explaining the broader significance of the study, the introduction should equip readers with the necessary tools to understand the research methods and results. This includes introducing key molecules, models, and techniques used in previous studies. If the methodology differs from existing approaches, its advantages and ability to address unresolved problems should be highlighted. Additionally, all key terms and abbreviations should be clearly defined to enhance readability.

3. Tell a Coherent Story

The introduction should align with the overall research narrative, so it is often best to write it after completing the "Results" and "Discussion" sections. This ensures that the "Preview" portion of the introduction is well connected to the study’s conclusions, maintaining clarity and logical flow. Furthermore, excessive background information should be avoided to keep the introduction engaging and to the point, effectively conveying the study’s objectives and significance.

A well-crafted introduction prepares readers thoroughly and sparks their curiosity, making them eager to explore the research and its scientific implications.